Morphology,toxicity and molecular characterization of Gambierdiscus spp. towards risk assessment of ciguatera in south central Cuba |
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| Institution: | 1. Centro de Estudios Ambientales de Cienfuegos (CEAC), Carretera a Castillo de Jagua Km 1 ½ Ciudad Nuclear AP, 59350, Cienfuegos, Cuba;2. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Beaufort Laboratory, 101 Pivers Island Road, Beaufort, NC, 28516, USA;3. Ifremer, Laboratory of Environment and Resources Western Britanny, Coastal Research Unit, Place de la Croix, B.P. 40537, 29185, Concarneau Cedex, France;4. Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Subida a Radio Faro 50, 36390, Vigo, Spain;5. Environment Laboratories, Department of Nuclear Science and Application, International Atomic Energy Agency, 98000, Monaco;6. Ocean Tester, LLC, 295 Dills Point Road, Beaufort, NC, 28516, USA;1. Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia;2. Sydney Institute of Marine Sciences, Chowder Bay Rd, Mosman, NSW, Australia;3. School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, QLD 4810, Australia;4. Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2019, Australia;5. Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, James Cook University, QLD 4810, Australia;1. Coastal Watershed Institute, Florida Gulf Coast University, 10501 FGCU Blvd South, Fort Myers, FL 33965, USA;2. Biology Department, MS #32, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA;1. Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok 16310 Kelantan, Malaysia;2. Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangasaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia;3. Third Institute of Oceanography, Xiamen, 361005, China;4. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Beaufort Laboratory, 101 Pivers Island Road, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA;5. Ocean Tester LLC, 381 Gillikin Road, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA;1. Ifremer, Phycotoxins Laboratory, rue de l’Ile d’Yeu, BP 21105, F-44311 Nantes, France;2. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Center for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat Research (CCFHR),101 Pivers Island Road, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA;3. Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Subida a Radio Faro 50, 36390 Vigo, Spain;4. LAQUES (Laboratory of Aquatic Environmental Science), Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi University, 200 Otsu, Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8502, Japan;5. Institute of Oceanography, VAST, Cauda 01, Vinh Nguyen, Nha Trang, Viet Nam;6. LUNAM, University of Nantes, MMS EA2160, Pharmacy Faculty, 9 rue Bias, F-44035 Nantes, France |
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| Abstract: | Ciguatera poisoning is caused by the consumption of reef fish or shellfish that have accumulated ciguatoxins, neurotoxins produced by benthic dinoflagellates of the genera Gambierdiscus or Fukuyoa. Although ciguatera constitutes the primary cause of seafood intoxication in Cuba, very little information is available on the occurrence of ciguatoxins in the marine food web and the causative benthic dinoflagellate species. This study conducted on the south-central coast of Cuba reports the occurrence of Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa genera and the associated benthic genera Ostreopsis and Prorocentrum. Gambierdiscus/Fukuyoa cells were present at low to moderate abundances depending on the site and month of sampling. This genus was notably higher on Dictyotaceae than on other macrophytes. PCR analysis of field-collected samples revealed the presence of six different Gambierdiscus and one Fukuyoa species, including G. caribaeus, G. carolinianus, G. carpenteri, G. belizeanus, F. ruetzleri, G. silvae, and Gambierdiscus sp. ribotype 2. Only Gambierdiscus excentricus was absent from the eight Gambierdiscus/Fukuyoa species known in the wider Caribbean region. Eleven clonal cultures were established and confirmed by PCR and SEM as being either G. carolinianus or G. caribaeus. Toxin production in each isolate was assessed by a radioligand receptor binding assay and found to be below the assay quantification limit. These novel findings augment the knowledge of the ciguatoxin-source dinoflagellates that are present in Cuba, however further studies are needed to better understand the correlation between their abundance, species-specific toxin production in the environment, and the risk for fish contamination, in order to develop better informed ciguatera risk management strategies. |
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| Keywords: | Dinoflagellates Caribbean qPCR Receptor binding assay |
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