Genetic relatedness of a new Japanese isolates of Alexandrium ostenfeldii bloom population with global isolates |
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| Affiliation: | 1. National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-8648, Japan;2. Finnish Environment Institute, Marine Research Centre, Agnes Sjöberginkatu 2, 00790 Helsinki, Finland;3. National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima, 739-0452, Japan;4. Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan;5. Hokkaido Research Organization, Fisheries Research Department, Central Fisheries Research Institute, Yoichi, Hokkaido, 046-855, Japan;6. Tottori Prefecture Water Environment Management Division, 1-220 Higashimachi, Tottori 680-8570, Japan;7. Tottori Prefectural Fisheries Research Center, 1166 Ishiwaki, Yurihama-cho, Tohaku-gun, Tottori Prefecture, 689-0602, Japan;8. Central Fisheries Research Institute, 238 Hamanaka, Yoichi, Hokkaido, 046-8555, Japan;9. Hokkaido National Fisheries Research Institute, 116 Katsurakoi, Kushiro, Hokkaido, 085-0802, Japan;10. Cawthron Institute, 98 Halifax Street East, Nelson 7010, New Zealand;11. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543-1050 USA;1. Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, TX, 78373, USA;2. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA;3. Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Biological Station, St. Andrews, NB, E5B 0E4, Canada;4. Laboratoire d’Océanologie et des Geosciences, UMR LOG 8187, Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale, Wimereux, France;1. Alfred Wegener Institute, Am Handelshafen 12, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany;2. Finnish Environment Institute, Marine Research Centre, Erik Palménin aukio 1, Helsinki 00560, Finland;1. Marine Systems Institute, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15A, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia;2. Finnish Environmental Institute/Marine Research Centre, Erik Palmenin aukio 1, 00560 Helsinki, Finland;3. Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Mäealuse 14, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia;1. National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-8648, Japan;2. Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 10617, Taiwan;3. AXIOHELIX Co. Ltd, -12-17 Kandaizumicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0024, Japan;4. Research Institute of Environment, Agriculture and Fisheries, Osaka Prefecture, 2926-1 Tanigawa, Misaki, Sen-Nan, Osaka, 599-0311, Japan;5. Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 4700 KAUST, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia;1. Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Departamento de Acuicultura, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile;2. Centro de Investigacións Mariñas (Xunta de Galicia), Apto. 13, 36620 Vilanova de Arousa, Pontevedra, Spain;3. Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Subida a Radio Faro 50, 36390 Vigo, Spain;1. Department of Biology, Marine Biological Section, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 2D, 1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark;2. Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, Section of Geography, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark;3. Marine Geology and Glaciology, Geological Survey of Greenland and Denmark, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark |
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| Abstract: | In recent years, blooms of toxic Alexandrium ostenfeldii strains have been reported from around the world. In 2013, the species formed a red tide in a shallow lagoon in western Japan, which was the first report of the species in the area. To investigate the genetic relatedness of Japanese A. ostenfeldii and global isolates, the full-length SSU, ITS and LSU sequences were determined, and phylogenetic analyses were conducted for isolates from western and northern Japan and from the Baltic Sea. Genotyping and microsatellite sequence comparison were performed to estimate the divergence and connectivity between the populations from western Japan and the Baltic Sea. In all phylogenetic analyses, the isolates from western Japan grouped together with global isolates from shallow and low saline areas, such as the Baltic Sea, estuaries on the east coast of U.S.A. and from the Bohai Sea, China. In contrast, the isolates from northern Japan formed a well-supported separate group in the ITS and LSU phylogenies, indicating differentiation between the Japanese populations. This was further supported by the notable differentiation between the sequences of western and northern Japanese isolates, whereas the lowest differentiation was found between the western Japanese and Chinese isolates. Microsatellite genotyping revealed low genetic diversity in the western Japanese population, possibly explained by a recent introduction to the lagoon from where it was detected. The red tide recorded in the shallow lagoon followed notable changes in the salinity of the waterbody and phytoplankton composition, potentially facilitating the bloom of A. ostenfeldii. |
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| Keywords: | Western Japan Northern Japan Baltic Sea Phylogenetic analysis Genotyping |
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