The smoking epidemic across generations,genders, and educational groups: A matter of diffusion of innovations |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA;2. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA;3. Department of Pathology and Obstetrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA;4. Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA;5. Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA;6. Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA;7. Division of Infectious Diseases and Travel Medicine, Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA;8. University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA;9. Department of Preventive Medicine and Center for Healthcare Studies, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA;10. Department of Veterans Affairs Center of Innovation for Complex Chronic Healthcare, Edward Hines J. VA Hospital, Hines, IL, USA;1. Program in Physical Therapy and Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO;2. Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO;3. Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada;4. Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada;5. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO;6. Division Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, UK;7. Charles Perkins Centre and Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Australia;8. The Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK |
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| Abstract: | This study determines whether the temporal variations in smoking habits across generations and genders and among groups with differing levels of education fit the pattern proposed by the theory of the diffusion of innovations (TDI) (Rogers, 2003). We focus on the Italian case and employ a pseudo-panel derived from repeated cross-sections of the annual household survey, “Aspects of Daily Life,” that was part of the Multipurpose Survey carried out by the Italian National Statistical Office (ISTAT) for the period 1997 to 2012. The results confirm Rogers’ TDI and show that smoking prevalence has declined over time and across age cohorts: Younger men of all educational levels and women with higher education are less likely to smoke than are those in other cohorts, while less-educated women who entered the smoking-diffusion process later than others are more likely to smoke. Hence, socio-economic differences in smoking continue to persist, especially for women. According to Rogers’ TDI, smoking prevalence is expected to continue to decline, particularly among little-educated women. |
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| Keywords: | Smoking habit Theory of diffusion Generations |
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