High abundance of Amphidomataceae (Dinophyceae) during the 2015 spring bloom of the Argentinean Shelf and a new,non-toxigenic ribotype of Azadinium spinosum |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, D-27570, Bremerhaven, Germany;2. Department Biologie, Systematische Botanik und Mykologie, GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Menzinger Str. 67, D-80638, München, Germany;3. Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson, 7042, New Zealand;4. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía, IADO – CONICET – UNS, La Carrindanga km 7.5 c.c. 804, B8000FWB, Bahía Blanca, Argentina;1. Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, China;2. Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany;3. Hellenic Center for Marine Research, Institute of Oceanography, Attica 19013, Greece;1. Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany;2. Laboratorio de Control de Calidad de los Recursos Pesqueros, Ctra. Punta Umbría-Cartaya, km 12, 21459 Cartaya, Spain;3. Department Biologie, Systematische Botanik und Mykologie, GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Menzinger Str. 67, D-80638 München, Germany;4. Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Fahrenheitstr. 4, 28359 Bremen, Germany;5. Centro de Investigacións Mariñas, Apdo 13. 36620 Vilanova de Arousa, Spain;1. Alfred Wegener Institute, Am Handelshafen 12, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany;2. Instituto Geológico del Sur (CONICET – Universidad Nacional del Sur), Departamento de Geología, Laboratorio de Palinología, San Juan 670, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina;3. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía, Biogeoquímica Marina, IADO – CONICET, Camino la Carrindanga km 7,5 c.c. 804, B8000FWB, Bahía Blanca, Argentina;4. División Ficología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque s/n, B1900FWA, La Plata, Argentina;5. Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Fahrenheitstr. 4, 28359 Bremen, Germany;6. Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide 5750, Huechuraba, Santiago, Chile;1. Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Xiamen 361005, China;2. Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany;3. Ifremer, LER BO, Station de Biologie Marine, Place de la Croix, BP40537, F-29185 Concarneau Cedex, France;1. Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany;2. Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China;3. Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Schleusenstraße 1, D-26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany;1. CIMA (Centro de Investigacións Mariñas), Pedras de Corón s/n, Vilanova de Arousa, 36620, Spain;2. Intecmar (Instituto Tecnolóxico para o Control do Medio Mariño de Galicia), Peirao de Vilaxoán s/n, Vilagarcía de Arousa, 36611, Spain |
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| Abstract: | Azaspiracids (AZA) are the most recently discovered group of lipophilic marine biotoxins of microalgal origin, and associated with human incidents of shellfish poisoning. They are produced by a few species of Amphidomataceae, but diversity and occurrence of the small-sized dinophytes remain poorly explored for many regions of the world. In order to analyze the presence and importance of Amphidomataceae in a highly productive area of Argentinean coastal waters (El Rincón area, SW Atlantic), a scientific cruise was performed in 2015 to sample the early spring bloom. In a multi-method approach, light microscopy was combined with real-time PCR molecular detection of Amphidomataceae, with chemical analysis of AZA, and with the establishment and characterization of amphidomatacean strains. Both light microscopy and PCR revealed that Amphidomataceae were widely present in spring plankton communities along the El Rincón area. They were particularly abundant offshore at the shelf front, reaching peak densities of 2.8 × 105 cells L−1, but no AZA were detected in field samples. In total, 31 new strains were determined as Az. dalianense and Az. spinosum, respectively. All Az. dalianense were non-toxigenic and shared the same rRNA sequences. The large majority of the new Az. spinosum strains revealed for the first time the presence of a non-toxigenic ribotype of this species, which is otherwise the most important AZA producer in European waters. One of the new Az. spinosum strains, with a particular slender shape and some other morphological peculiarities, clustered with toxigenic strains of Az. spinosum from Norway and, exceptionally for the species, produced only AZA-2 but not AZA-1. Results indicate a wide diversity within Az. spinosum, both in terms of sequence data and toxin profiles, which also will affect the qualitative and quantitative performance of the specific qPCR assay for this species. Overall, the new data provide a more differentiated perspective of diversity, toxin productivity and occurrence of Amphidomataceae in a poorly explored region of the global ocean. |
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| Keywords: | Azaspiracids Delimitation Argentinian shelf Genetic distance Intraspecific variability Ribotype Spring bloom |
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