Long-term clinical efficacy of cytokine-induced killer cell-based immunotherapy in early-stage esophageal squamous cell carcinoma |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China;2. Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China;3. Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy, Zhengzhou, China;4. School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China;5. State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou, China;1. Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College and Hospital, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, India;2. Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India;3. Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India;4. Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College and Hospital, Karur, Tamil Nadu, India;5. Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India;6. Department of Orthopaedics, Sanjay Gandhi Institute of Trauma & Orthopaedics, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India;7. Fellow in Orthopaedic Rheumatology, Dr. RML National Law University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India;8. Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine - Sri Lalithambigai Medical College and Hospital, Dr MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India;1. Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany;2. Centre for Interdisciplinary Clinical Immunology, Rheumatology and Autoinflammatory Diseases, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany;1. UMR 1236, Univ Rennes, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes, France;2. SITI Laboratory, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France;3. Pôle Biologie, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France;4. Department of Plastic Surgery, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France;1. John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, New Jersey, USA;2. Weill Cornell Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA;3. Vitalant Biotherapies, Phoenix, Arizona, USA;4. University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, Department of Pathology Transfusion Medicine, San Antonio, Texas, USA;5. Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada;6. Blood & Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Stanford Health Care, Stanford, California, USA;7. BioLife Solutions, Inc. Bothell, Washington, USA;8. Héma-Québec, Montreal, Quebec, Canada;9. Northside Hospital, Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Cell Therapy Lab, Atlanta, Georgia, USA;10. Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Cell Manipulation Core Facility, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;11. Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA;1. Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden;2. Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden;3. Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University and KFUE, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden;4. Unit for Cell Therapy and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Sweden |
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| Abstract: | Background aimsIn this retrospective clinical study, the authors investigated the impact of cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cell-based immunotherapies on the long-term survival of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).MethodsA total of 87 patients with ESCC who received comprehensive treatment were enrolled in the study. Of these patients, 43 were in the control group and 44 were in the CIK treatment group. Flow cytometry analysis was performed to detect the phenotype and anti-tumor function of CIK cells. Clinical characteristics were compared between these two groups, and the survival estimates of ESCC patients were determined using Kaplan–Meier analysis.ResultsCIK cells contained a high proportion of the main functional fraction (CD3+CD56+ group) and exhibited a strong killing ability for esophageal cancer cells in vitro. Importantly, overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were significantly higher in the CIK group than in the control group in early-stage ESCC. However, patients with advanced-stage ESCC did not benefit from CIK cell-based therapy in terms of OS and PFS compared with the control group.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that CIK cells combined with conventional treatments potentially prolong long-term survival of patients and may serve as a combined therapeutic approach for the treatment of early-stage ESCC. |
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