海产贝类尼氏单抱子虫病害的研究进展

目前，我国形成规模养殖的经济贝类有近20种，贝类增养殖已经成为沿海海水养殖业的支柱产业。资料显示，2004年全国海水贝类产量为1024万吨，占海水养殖总产量的77．82％。但是目前，由于气候变化、海洋环境污染、外来生物入侵等因素导致我国海产贝类病害越来越重，寄生虫就是主要病原之一，其中尼氏单孢子虫就是其中的一种原生动物寄生虫，寄生于很多种海产贝类体内。这种病害在很多地区都有暴发，国外对其研究较多，国内梁玉波等时这一病害进行了研究。因此，系统阐述国外贝类尼氏单孢子虫病害的研究现状与进展，对我国海产贝类病害的研究具有现实意义。本文时尼氏单孢子虫的分类、病害的流行情况、尼氏单孢子虫的形态学，病害的主要症状。尼氏单孢子虫的检测方法，尼氏单孢子虫与寄主之间的交互作用，环境因素时病害流行的影响等方面进行了论述，为我国贝类病害的研究和防治提供参考。

Progress of Studies on Haplosporidium Nelsoni Disease of Marine Mollusks

At present, there are nearly 20 species of shellfish which has been formed a certain scale, and shellfish aquaculture industry has become an important industry in coastal aquaculture in China, Some information showed that the yield of marine mollusk was 10.24 million tons, seawater aquaculture output accounted for 77.82% in 2004. Now shellfish diseases in China are getting more and more serious due to climate change, pollution of the marine environment, the invasion of foreign species and other factors, and parasites were the most important pathogen. Haplosporidium nelsoni was a protozoan which was found in many marine mollusks. Haplosporidium nelsoni was found in some overseas countries and many scholars attached importance to it. Liang Yu-bo et al were researching it in China. Therefore, systemic review of Haplosporidium nelsoni researched progress oversea was very helpful to the shellfish disease studies in China. Haplosporidiosis was introduced in detail , including taxonomy of Haplosporidium nelsoni, history of disease outbreaks, morphology, primary symptom of disease, detection assays of Haplosporidium nelsoni, in vitro interactions between hemocytes and Haplosporidium nelsoni, environmental effects of disease prevalence. The basic references were provided for the mollusk diseases research and prevention in China.