Cryptic species in the fern Ceratopteris thalictroides (Parkeriaceae). III. Referential diagnostic characters of three cryptic species

Three cryptic species of Ceratopteris thalictroides, named the south type, the north type and the third type, were examined for their morphological characteristics, using sporophytes cultivated under common conditions. The discriminant analysis for leaf characters followed by one-way layout ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis test for selected combinations of characters revealed that the following characters may be effective for identifying the three types: the relative lengths of stipe to blade and to pinna, the degree of dissection, the segment densities on rachis and pinna rachis, and the elongation degree of ultimate segments. The number of annulus cells on sporangia also proved to be a possible distinguishing character. As morphological data were obtained from a limited number of cultivated sporophytes, they are regarded as not definitive, but only referential diagnostic characters of the types and should be utilized not solely, but collectively, to avoid identification errors of the types. An identification trial using herbarium specimens proved these diagnostic characters to be useful to a considerable degree. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.