Clarithromycin and Amoxicillin Susceptibility of Helicobacter pylori Strains Isolated from Adult Patients with Gastric or Duodenal Ulcer in Italy |
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Authors: | Laura Franzin Marco Pennazio Daniela Cabodi Francesco Paolo Rossini Paolo Gioannini |
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Institution: | (1) Istituto di Patologia Generale Veterinaria, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milano, Italy, IT;(2) Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA, US;(3) Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, |
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Abstract: | Wolbachia endosymbiotic bacteria are widespread in arthropods and are also present in filarial nematodes. Almost all filarial species
so far examined have been found to harbor these endosymbionts. The sequences of only three genes have been published for nematode
Wolbachia (i.e., the genes coding for the proteins FtsZ and catalase and for 16S rRNA). Here we present the sequences of the genes
coding for the Wolbachia surface protein (WSP) from the endosymbionts of eight species of filaria. Complete gene sequences were obtained from the
endosymbionts of two different species, Dirofilaria immitis and Brugia malayi. These sequences allowed us to design general primers for amplification of the wsp gene from the Wolbachia of all filarial species examined. For these species, partial WSP sequences (about 600 base pairs) were obtained with these
primers. Phylogenetic analysis groups these nematode wsp sequences into a coherent cluster. Within the nematode cluster, wsp-based Wolbachia phylogeny matches a previous phylogeny obtained with ftsZ gene sequences, with a good consistency of the phylogeny of hosts (nematodes) and symbionts (Wolbachia). In addition, different individuals of the same host species (Dirofilaria immitis and Wuchereria bancrofti) show identical wsp gene sequences.
Received: 10 January 2000 / Accepted: 22 February 2000 |
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