Type I Antifreeze Proteins: Possible Origins from Chorion and Keratin Genes in Atlantic Snailfish |
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Authors: | Robert P Evans Garth L Fletcher |
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Institution: | (1) Ocean Sciences Centre, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, A1C 5S7, Canada;(2) Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H7, Canada |
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Abstract: | Type I antifreeze proteins (AFPs) are alanine-rich α-helical polypeptides found in some species of right-eye flounders, sculpin,
and snailfish. In this study, a shorthorn sculpin skin type I cDNA clone was used to probe an Atlantic snailfish liver cDNA
library in order to locate expressed genes corresponding to snailfish plasma AFPs. Clones isolated from the cDNA library had
sections with substantial amino acid and nucleotide sequence similarity to snailfish type I AFPs. However, further analysis
revealed that the positives were actually three different liver-expressed proteins—two were eggshell proteins, while the third
was a type II keratin. We propose that a shift in reading frame could produce alanine-rich candidate AFPs with possible antifreeze
activity or ice crystal modification properties. Furthermore, it is plausible that one or more of the liver-expressed proteins
represent the progenitors of snailfish type I AFPs.
Reviewing Editor: Dr. John Oakeshott] |
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Keywords: | Snailfish Type I Antifreeze Protein Liver Keratin Chorion |
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