The effects of endogenous and exogenous androgens on cardiovascular disease risk factors and progression |
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Authors: | Panagiota Manolakou Roxani Angelopoulou Chris Bakoyiannis and Elias Bastounis |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece;(2) First Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Laiko Hospital, Athens, Greece |
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Abstract: | Cardiovascular disease incidence rates have long been known to significantly differ between the two sexes. Estrogens alone
fail to explain this phenomenon, bringing an increasing amount of attention to the role of androgens. Contrary to what was
initially hypothesized, androgens seem to have an overall cardioprotective effect, especially in men. Recent studies and published
data continue to support this notion displaying a consistent inverse correlation with atherosclerosis progression and cardiovascular
disease both in regressive and prospective study models. Clinical studies have also revealed what seems to be a differential
androgenic effect on various cardiovascular risk factors between men and women. Further insight indicates that in order to
avoid confusion it may be also preferable to separately examine the effects of endogenous androgen levels from exogenous testosterone
administration, as well as discern the differential results of low to normal and supraphysiological administration doses.
This review summarizes old and recent data according to the above distinctions, in an attempt to further our understanding
of the role of androgens in cardiovascular disease. |
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Keywords: | |
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