Patterns in the geographical range sizes of ectotherms in North America |
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Authors: | M E Pfrender W E Bradshaw C A Kleckner |
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Institution: | (1) Ecology and Evolution Group, Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1210, USA Fax: +1-541-346-2364; e-mail: pfrender@darkwing.uoregon.edu, US |
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Abstract: | The distributions of homeothermic mammals and birds in continental North America show a distinct pattern in the configuration
of their geographical ranges. Smaller ranges tend to be elongated north-south while larger ranges tend to be elongated east-west.
To examine the generality of this pattern in ectotherms, we analyzed the distribution on continental North America of 139
species of mosquitoes, 164 amphibians, and 221 reptiles. Unlike birds and mammals, small ranges of ectotherms were not elongated
north-south and the small ranges of snakes were elongated east-west. The distribution of ectotherms with small ranges does
not appear to be affected by the major topographic features of North America which tend to run north-south. Like birds and
mammals, large ranges of mosquitoes and reptiles but not amphibians are elongated east-west. The east-west orientation of
mosquitoes with large ranges is not attributable to the three largest genera in North America taken singly, Aedes, Culex, or Anopheles, but appears only when all genera are pooled. The east-west orientation of reptiles with large ranges is attributable to
turtles and snakes but not lizards. Climatic zones may thus affect the distribution of mosquitoes, turtles, and snakes with
large ranges but are not the major determinants of range dimensions among ectotherms in general.
Received: 1 September 1997 / Accepted: 8 February 1998 |
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Keywords: | Biogeography Amphibian Mosquito Reptile Ectotherm |
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