食品常见真菌毒素的危害及其防止措施

真菌毒素是一类由真菌产生的普遍存在的化合物。危害人类健康的真菌毒素主要源于曲霉Aspergillus、青霉Penicil-lium、麦角菌属Claviceps和镰刀菌Fusarium等产生的次生代谢物。从全球范围来看,粮食安全问题经常是由谷物、坚果、水果和绿色咖啡豆上的真菌毒素造成的。其中,玉米和花生仁中的黄曲霉素经常超过安全阈值。在以这些食物作为主食的地处温暖和潮湿气候国家的消费者特别容易食用到黄曲霉素污染的食物。而真菌毒素往往会引起人类和动物急性中毒、慢性中毒和致癌。其不可避免地、广泛地、持续地影响着全球人类的健康。目前的防止措施包括选用抗真菌植物、采用适当方法贮藏食物以及食用绿色蔬菜等来预防癌症等。本文阐述了食品中常见真菌毒素的污染情况及其毒性,并对常用防止措施进行了综述,以期为食品真菌毒素防控工作提供参考。

Health hazard to humans and prevention strategies of food-borne mycotoxins

Mycotoxins constitute a ubiquitous group of fungal compounds. Mycotoxins dangerous to humans are secondary metabolitics produced by fungi belonging to the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium, Claviceps and Fusarium. Food safety was regularly compromised by mycotoxins occurring in cereal grains, nuts, fruits and green coffee beans. Among them, corn and peanut aflatoxin often exceeded the safety threshold. The consumers, who eating these foods as staple foods in the countries located in warm and humid climate, we...