我国新入侵外来害虫美洲棘蓟马的外部形态和分子鉴定

美洲棘蓟马Echinothrips americanus Morgan, 1913是新入侵我国的种类。本文报道了该虫各发育阶段的外部形态和分子鉴定结果。首先利用体视显微镜对美洲棘蓟马不同虫态的外部形态进行了观察和拍照；再选择线粒体COⅠ基因中一段约430 bp的序列进行PCR扩增和测序，将所得序列用于蓟马种类的分子鉴定。使用不同的矩阵和系统发育构建方法对待鉴定的蓟马以及另外38种蓟马进行了聚类分析，结果表明：基于线粒体COⅠ基因第1和2编码位点，利用NJ法构建的系统发育树可以较好地区别不同蓟马种类，可作为调查我国蓟马种类和分布的快速方便方法。最后对美洲棘蓟马的基本生物学特性和防控对策进行了综述。

External morphology and molecular identification of the newly found invasive pest Echinothrips americanus Morgan(Thysanoptera:Thripidae)in China

The invasive species Echinothrips americanus Morgan, 1913 (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) was recently found in Beijing, China. Both morphological and molecular methods were used to identify this species. External morphology of different stages was observed and recorded under stereo microscope. A 430 bp segment of mitochondrial COⅠ gene was amplified and sequenced from this species for molecular identification. Based on all coding positions and 1st and 2nd coding positions of mitochondrial COⅠ genes, the phylogenetic tree of the newly found species together with other 38 thripid species was constructed. The tree based on matrix composed of 1st and 2nd coding positions using NJ method could resolve the identification of thripid species better than that composed of all codon positions using other methods. This method provides an easy way to detect the dispersal of this species in other areas. Finally, biological characteristics of this thrips and the control measures were discussed.