黑龙江省完达山东部林区马鹿冬季环境容纳量估算

2005 年和2006 年冬季,在黑龙江省完达山东部林区采用分层抽样技术,测定马鹿生境中主要食物的生物量供给量。通过食物营养成分分析,确定野外生境食物营养供给量。经饲喂实验,测定圈养马鹿冬季的日营养需求。结合研究地区马鹿生境食物资源类型,以干物质、代谢能和氮为基础估算了完达山东部林区野生马鹿的营养容纳量。研究结果表明:以干物质为估算基础,完达山东部林区冬季马鹿容纳量为11 115 ± 1 419头,以代谢能为基础估算值为5 845 ± 1 077头,而基于氮的计算结果为16 958 ± 2 983头;显示该地区马鹿主要食物含氮量超出马鹿日平均需求量,而代谢能供给量则略显不足,成为种群增长的主要限制因子,所以本文以代谢能为基础估算的容纳量作为该地区冬季马鹿种群环境容纳量。此外,由于受雪被厚度、食物生物量、光照等环境因子的影响,两年估算的容纳量数值存在一定差异。

Estimation of winter carrying capacity of wapiti in the Eastern Wandashan Mountains, Heilongjiang Province,China

We sampled the forage resources of the eastern forests of Wandashan Mountains in Heilongjiang during winters 2005 and 2006 in order to quantify forage available to wapiti (Cervus elaphus). Nutritient composition of food items was analyzed to estimate wapiti carrying capacity. Feeding experiments were conducted on 3 captive wapiti (2 ♂,1 ♀) to estimate daily nutrient requirements in winter. We estimated winter carrying capacity of Wandashan Mountains as 11 115±1 419 based on mass (dry weight),as 5 845±1 077 based on metabolizable energy,and as 16 958 ±2 983 based on nitrogen. By determining the nutrient composition of principal forages ingested by wapiti,we found that the content density of nitrogen was higher than the amount required by wapiti,whereas metabolizable energy was lower. Therefore we conclude that metabolizable energy limits wapiti during winter. Additionally,we found that yearly variation in snow depth,biomass of food plants,and solar radiation caused detectable differences in yearly carrying capacity.