Six novel single-nucleotide polymorphisms in SPAG11 gene and their association with sperm quality traits in Chinese Holstein bulls

Sperm-associated antigen 11 (SPAG11) is predominant in the male reproductive tract. Similar to β-defensin, aside from its antibacterial activity, SPAG11 also has an important role in male reproductive function. In the present study, the association of bovine SPAG11 gene polymorphism with sperm quality traits was examined, including ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, fresh sperm motility, post-thaw cryopreserved sperm motility, and deformity rate of bull semen. Six novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the SPGA11 gene were investigated in 426 normal mature Chinese Holstein bulls using polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP), PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), created restriction site-PCR (CRS-PCR), and DNA sequencing methods. Linkage disequilibrium analysis showed that g.1306G>A and g.1454G>A (SNP-1), and g.16904G>T, g.16974C>T, and g.17000A>G (SNP-2) are completely linked, respectively. Correlation analysis showed the SNP-2 marker had a marked effect on fresh sperm motility and sperm concentration (P<0.05). SNP-3 g.22696T>C had a marked effect on post-thaw cryopreserved sperm motility (P<0.05) and deformity rate (P<0.01). However, the presence of SNP-1 was not correlated with the sperm production traits (P>0.05). Furthermore, association analyses of the 8 haplotypes constructed from the 17 combined haplotypes and reproductive traits showed that the bulls with the combined haplotype H5H6 (GGT/TTC) have the highest ejaculate volumes and the bulls with combined haplotypes H1H1 (AAT/TTT) and H1H6 (AGT/TTC) had the highest fresh and post-thaw sperm motilities, respectively. These results indicate that new molecular markers associated with sperm quality traits can be used in marker-assisted selection in bull breeding programs.