Specific Features of Metabolism in Humans Performing a Physical Exercise Test after 7-Day Dry Immersion

Healthy male volunteers (n = 5) aged 27–42 years participated in experimental studies (7-day immersion) designed to simulate the effects of microgravity. To study the metabolic changes caused by decreased weight bearing on the musculoskeletal system and a change in the position of the body relative to the gravity vector, a 15-min load test before and after immersion was used. A wide set of biochemical parameters characterizing the state of the energy metabolism, substrate levees, and enzyme activities, as well as the blood level of hormones, was measured in the blood plasma. Multifactor analysis was used in processing the experimental data. After immersion, a significant decrease in the blood plasma activity of isocitrate dehydrogenase, creatine phosphokinase, and lactate dehydrogenase was noted, whereas the growth hormone and insulin levels exceeded the baseline values. The physical exercise test increased the differences in the metabolic status before and after 7 days of immersion. The factor analysis allowed us to reveal the most significant biochemical variables for identifying a new metabolic state of the physiological systems after exposure to short-term simulated microgravity. Changes in the creatine phosphokinase activity and the human blood plasma levels of cortisol, triglycerides, insulin, and inorganic phosphate made the most significant contributions to these differences, and the direction of biochemical shifts in response to exercise was different before and after immersion. The results obtained are indicate that energy and substrate metabolism changes in response to a decrease in weight bearing and an altered body position relative to the gravity vector and that these changes are especially pronounced when an exercise test is used.