增强DNA疫苗免疫应答的新进展

DNA疫苗为编码抗原蛋白的真核表达载体,注入体内后在原位表达所编码的抗原并诱导免疫应答,在预防感染、治疗自身免疫性疾病、过敏性疾病和肿瘤等疫病中有着很好的应用前景。但与灭活疫苗相比,其免疫效价还比较低。有多种策略能够增强或调节DNA疫苗诱导的免疫应答,其中,作为外源基因载体的质粒的组成及插入的有关基因均可直接或间接地影响免疫反应的效果,在构建DNA疫苗质粒时,加入细胞因子、融合信号、泛素等基因以及ISS序列,另外还可以通过设计一些对抗原提成细胞有影响的分子共注射,以及加入转移分子,都可以明显增强DNA疫苗的免疫效果,从而有利于研制更有效的DNA疫苗。

Progress for Improving the Immune Response of DNA Vaccine

DNA vaccination is a novel immunization strategy that has great potential for the development of vaccines and immune therapeutics.DNA vaccines have been shown to elicit immune responses to a diversity of antigens,but their immunogenicity has proven quite limited.Enhancing DNA vaccine potency remains a challenge.Based on the initial reports of immune enhancement by delivery of plasmids encoding GM-CSF or IL-12 in combination with specific antigen-encoded plasmids,other molecules have been studied for manipulating the potency of DNA vaccines in mice.Molecules under investigation target Th1-type T cell expansion;DC/APC activation,expansion,or maturation;costimulation,and immune cell trafficking by chemokines.Recently,some vaccine strategies have produced exciting results in nonhuman primates.