轻中度石漠化地区不同土地利用类型叶蝉群落结构及动态

轻中度石漠化地区生态环境较为脆弱,昆虫是生态系统中的重要角色。以叶蝉作为指示生物,在轻中度石漠化地区选取刺梨林、核桃林、玫瑰园、桃林、李子林以及草地6种不同土地利用类型的样地进行叶蝉标本采集,分析6类样地中叶蝉群落的物种组成、相似性、多样性、均匀度和丰富度等特征及其与各地理要素之间的关系。同时还分析了不同月份叶蝉群落的物种组成、多样性、均匀度和丰富度等指数的变化趋势。结果如下：共鉴定叶蝉11亚科52属。拟竹叶蝉属Bambusananus Li&Xing、顶斑叶蝉属Empoascanara Distant和小绿叶蝉属Empoasca Walsh是各样地的优势类群,共占69.4%。尤其是小绿叶蝉属Empoasca,在不同样地中个体数都是最多,占总采集数量的44.6%。Shannon-Wiener多样性指数表现为：刺梨林 > 草地 > 核桃林 > 李子林 > 桃树林 > 玫瑰园;Pieluo均匀性指数则是：草地 > 刺梨林 > 李子林 > 桃树林 > 核桃林 > 玫瑰园,Simpson优势度指数为：玫瑰园 > 李子林 > 草地 > 刺梨林 > 桃树林 > 核桃林。温度是影响叶蝉群落个体数量的重要环境因子之一,气压和湿度等环境因子则与之无明显相关性。结果表明在生态环境脆弱的轻中度石漠化地区,草地和刺梨林两种土地利用类型的叶蝉个体数与类群数较为丰富,是较为合适的喀斯特生态环境修复的土地利用类型,研究结果将对石漠化治理和喀斯特轻-中度石漠化地区生态恢复技术集成与示范具有重要指导意义。

Community structure and dynamics of leafhopper in different land restoration types in the light-moderate rocky desertification areas

The ecological environment is very fragile in light-moderate rocky desertification areas compared to other non-karst areas. Insects are a large group of organisms, playing a crucial and irreplaceable role in the whole ecosystem. In this study, leafhoppers as the largest group of Hemiptera, have extremely important economic significance and environmental sensitivity, thus they were selected as indicator organisms. Six different land use types were selected to collect leafhopper samples in the light-moderate rocky desertification area, including roxburgh rose forest, walnut forest, rose garden, peach forest, plum forest and grassland. The characteristics of species composition, similarity, diversity and evenness of leafhopper communities in the six different land use plots were calculated, and the relationship between the characteristics and a variety of environmental factors ware also analyzed and discussed. On this foundation, the change trend of four related indexes about species composition, diversity, evenness and richness of leafhopper community in every month was further processed and analyzed. The results showed that there were 52 genera and 11 subfamilies of leafhoppers discovered in the light-moderate rocky desertification area. Bambusananus Li & Xing, Empoascanara Distant, and Empoasca Walsh were the dominant species of each sample plot, accounting for 69.4%. Perhaps more interestingly, the genus Empoasca had the largest number of individuals in each sample plot, accounting for 44.6%. Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H'') on different land use types in order is:roxburgh rose forest > grassland > walnut forest > plum forest > peach forest > rose garden. Pieluo evenness index (J) is:grassland > roxburgh rose forest > plum forest > peach forest > walnut forest > rose garden. In addition, Simpson dominance index (C) is:rose garden >plum forest > grassland > thorn pear forest > peach forest > walnut forest. Redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that temperature, as one of environmental factor, has remarkable correlation, which is the dominant factor affecting the number of leafhopper community, while remaining environmental factors (air pressure and humidity) have no obvious correlation. The results of this study demonstrated that the individual numbles (N) and the population numbers (S) of leafhoppers are relatively abundant on two land use types, containing grassland and roxburgh rose forest, which are suitable for the restoration of karst ecological environment in the areas with fragile ecological environment. All in all, the research results are of great significance to the integration and demonstration of rocky desertification control and ecological restoration technology in light-moderate rocky desertification areas.