基于生态系统服务的宁夏回族自治区自然-社会经济协调性分析

近年来，受全球气候变化和人类活动的双重影响，我国干旱半干旱区生态环境保护和社会经济发展面临着严峻挑战。生态系统服务是链接自然生态系统和人类福祉的桥梁，其持续供给对区域可持续发展具有重要意义。在具有生态重要性、脆弱性的地区，如何协调生态保护与社会经济发展的关系以达到可持续发展是重要的科学问题。以宁夏回族自治区为例，基于InVEST模型及相关地理图件，分析研究区生态系统服务变化及其权衡关系，通过耦合协调度模型分析生态系统服务与社会各项经济指标的耦合关系及空间差异，辨析区域耦合协调度的主要影响因素。结果表明：（1）研究区生态系统服务空间分异明显，土壤保持、水质净化、水资源供给和碳储存均呈现南高北低的特征。（2）县域尺度上各项生态系统服务之间显著正相关，呈现为协同关系；其中水质净化与水资源供给的相关性最高（相关系数是0.73），其次是碳储量和水资源供给（相关系数是0.60）；而土壤保持与水质净化、水资源供给的相关性较低（相关系数均在0.50以下）。（3）宁夏回族自治区耦合协调度与城镇人口比重、城镇居民人均可支配收入负相关，与农村常住居民人均可支配收入正相关；产业分配模式与耦合协调度显著相关。（4）宁夏回族自治区约50%的县（区）处于勉强协调发展状态，其中73%的县（区）更注重经济发展；约41%的县（区）属于协调发展类，其中2/3的县区环境保护相对超前；中部地区的发展优势较强。研究结果对于准确把握经济社会发展过程中生态系统服务特征具有重要理论和实践意义，为促进宁夏生态保护与经济发展的统一协调提供科学辅助依据。

Coordination analysis of the nature and social-economic system of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region based on ecosystem services

Due to the dual impact of global climate change and human activities, the arid and semi-arid regions in China have faced severe challenges in ecological environmental protection and social-economic development in recent years. Ecosystem services (ESs) are a bridge linking natural ecosystems and human well-being, the continuous supply of ESs is of great significance to regional socio-economic development and ecological environmental protection. It is a very important scientific question that how to coordinate ecological protection with socio-economic development to achieve sustainable development in the areas of ecological importance and vulnerability. Taking Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region as an example, this paper analyzed the changes of the ESs and their trade-off relationships based on the InVEST model and related geographic maps, as well as analyzed the coupling relationships and spatial differences between ESs and social-economic indicators by using the coupling coordination degree model to identify the main influencing factors. The results show that:(1) The ESs of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region distributed with an obviously spatial heterogeneity with the characteristics of high-value area located in the south and low-value areas located in the north, including water purification, soil conservation, carbon storage, and water supply. (2) The correlation among various ESs at the county scale is significantly positive, showing a synergistic relationship; the correlation between water purification and water supply is the highest (0.73), followed by soil conservation and water supply (0.60); while the correlation between soil conservation and water purification, and water supply is low (below 0.50). (3) The coupling coordination degree of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region is negatively correlated with the proportion of the urban population, negatively correlated with the per capita disposable income of urban residents, and positively correlated with the per capita disposable income of the rural residents; the industrial distribution model is significantly related to the coupling coordination degree. (4) The coupling coordination degree of half of the counties (districts) in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region is barely coordinated development, 73% of which focus more on economic development; the coupling coordination degree of 41% of the counties (districts) is coordinated development, with 2/3 of them relatively ahead in environmental protection; and the central regions show great development advantages. This study has a great theoretical and practical significance in accurately grasping the characteristics of ecosystem services in the process of economic and social development, and could provide a scientific basis for the unity and coordination of ecological protection and economic development in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.