Analysis of phosphorylation of the BRI1/BAK1 complex in arabidopsis reveals amino acid residues critical for receptor formation and activation of BR signaling |
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Authors: | Hye Sup Yun Young Hee Bae Yun Ji Lee Soo Chul Chang Seong-Ki Kim Jianming Li Kyoung Hee Nam |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 156-756, Korea;(2) Division of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, 140-742, Korea;(3) University College, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Korea;(4) Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1048, USA |
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Abstract: | The plasma membrane-localized BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE1 (BRI1) and BRI1-ASSOCIATED KINASE1 (BAK1) are a well-known receptor
pair involved in brassinosteroids (BR) signaling in Arabidposis. The formation of a receptor complex in response to BRs and
the subsequent activation of cytoplasmic domain kinase activity share mechanistic characteristics with animal receptor kinases.
Here, we demonstrate that BRI1 and BAK1 are BR-dependently phosphorylated, and that phosphorylated forms of the two proteins
persist for different lengths of time. Mutations of either protein abolished phosphorylation of the counterpart protein, implying
transphosphorylation of the receptor kinases. To investigate the specific amino acids critical for formation of the receptor
complex and activation of BAK1 kinase activity, we expressed several versions of BAK1 in yeast and plants. L32E and L46E substitutions
resulted in a loss of binding of BAK1 to BRI1, and threonine T455 was essential for the kinase activity of BAK1 in yeast.
Transgenic bri1 mutant plants overexpressing BAK1(L46E) displayed reduced apical dominance and seed development. In addition, transgenic
wild type plants overexpressing BAK1(T455A) lost the phosphorylation activity normally exhibited in response to BL, leading
to semi-dwarfism. These results suggest that BAK1 is a critical component regulating the duration of BR efficacy, even though
it cannot directly bind BRs in plants. |
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Keywords: | Brassinosteroids receptor complexes transphosphorylation |
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