浅裂剪秋萝和丝瓣剪秋萝传粉特性的初步研究

为了探究浅裂剪秋萝(Lychnis cognata)和丝瓣剪秋萝(L. wilfordii)的传粉生物学特征, 从花部特征、花粉呈现规律及传粉者访花行为等方面对其开展研究。结果表明, 2种剪秋萝的花期持续时间相近, 但浅裂剪秋萝始花日期较早; 二者花部特征虽有显著差异, 但主要传粉者均为碧翠凤蝶(Papilio bianor)。在开花过程中, 2种剪秋萝的雄蕊均分2批呈现花粉, 第1批雄蕊的花粉生活力在开花后第1天达到最大值, 而第2批雄蕊在第2天达到最大值。浅裂剪秋萝的柱头可授性在开花后第5天最强, 而丝瓣剪秋萝在开花后第4天最强, 花粉生活力和柱头活性的时间差异表明两物种均为雌雄异熟。两物种共同的传粉者碧翠凤蝶对浅裂剪秋萝的访花高峰出现在上午8:00-11:00, 而对丝瓣剪秋萝的访花高峰出现在上午11:00-12:00, 导致访花高峰出现差异的主要影响因素可能是生境和花药开裂时间。

Prelimary Study of the Pollination Biology of Lychnis cognata and L. wilfordii

The aim of this study was to study the pollination biology of Lychnis cognata and L. wilfordii from the aspects floral syndrome, pollen occurrence regularity and pollinator flower-visiting behavior. The floral syndrome of L. cognata and L. wilfordii differed significantly, but the main pollinator of these two species was the same: Papilio bianor. The stamens of the two species shed their pollen in two batches, and the pollen viability of the two batches peaked at different times. The pollen viability of the first batch of the two species peaked on the first day after flowering but that of the second batch on the second day after flowering. The receptivity of the stigma of L. cognata reached the peak on the fifth day after flowering, 1 day later than that of L. wilfordii. Hence, the two species are dichogamous. The flowering period was earlier for L. cognata than L. wilfordii, but the flowering duration of two species was similar. The highest visiting frequency of pollinators to L. cognata was at 8:00 to 11:00 am and to L. wilfordii was at 11:00 to 12:00 am. The important factors influencing the visiting time of pollinators may be habitat environmental factors or time of anther dehiscence.