Modification of lupus-associated 60-kDa Ro protein with the lipid oxidation product 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal increases antigenicity and facilitates epitope spreading |
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Authors: | Scofield R Hal Kurien Biji T Ganick Samantha McClain Micah T Pye Quentin James Judith A Schneider Rebecca I Broyles Robert H Bachmann Michael Hensley Kenneth |
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Institution: | Arthritis and Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA. hal-scofield@omrf.ouhsc.edu |
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Abstract: | Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with autoantibodies as a near universal feature of the disease. The Ro ribonucleoprotein particle, composed of a 60-kDa protein noncovalently associated with human cytoplasmic RNA, is the target of antibodies in 25-40% of lupus patients. Purified human 60-kDa Ro was found to be oxidatively modified. Earlier investigations from our laboratory revealed increased oxidative damage in SLE patients. Therefore we hypothesized that oxidation by-products, such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), could lead to neoantigens like HNE-modified 60-kDa Ro, which could in turn initiate autoimmunity or drive epitope spreading. To test this hypothesis we immunized rabbits with either HNE-modified 60-kDa Ro or the unmodified Ro. Intramolecular epitope spreading within the Ro molecule and intermolecular epitope spreading to La, double-stranded DNA, nRNP, and Sm occurred preferentially in HNE-Ro-immunized animals. Nonspecific anti-HNE antibody, generated by immunization with HNE-keyhole limpet hemocyanin conjugate, did not significantly bind to these autoantigens. These data may suggest a hitherto unappreciated mechanism by which oxidative stress facilitates epitope spreading in SLE. |
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