Volatile and Contact Chemicals Released by Nezara viridula (Heteroptera:Pentatomidae) Have a Kairomonal Effect on the Egg Parasitoid Trissolcus basalis (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) |
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Authors: | Stefano Colazza Gianandrea Salerno Eric Wajnberg |
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Institution: | a Agricultural Entomology Institute, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128, Palermo, Italy;b Department of Arboriculture and Plant Protection, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 06121, Perugia, Italy;c Centre de Recherche d'Antibes Entomologie et Lutte Biologique Groupe “Ecologie des Parasitoides” I.N.R.A. 06600, Antibes, France |
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Abstract: | The responses of females of the egg parasitoid Trissolcus basalis (Wollaston) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) to volatile and contact chemicals from its host Nezara viridula (L.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) were investigated in a Y-tube olfactometer and under open arena conditions. In the Y-tube tests, volatiles from virgin males and from females in a preovipositional state attracted T. basalis females, while volatiles from host virgin females did not. In an open arena, traces left by N. viridula adults in different physiological conditions function as contact cues inducing the wasps to remain longer in the arena and to change the pattern of their walking behavior. However, only contact kairomones from N. viridula mated females in a preovipositional condition induced an arrestment response characterized by an increase in patch searching time and turning rates and a reduction in linear speed. The chemical ecological implications of these results on this host–parasitoid association are discussed. |
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Keywords: | Trissolcus basalis Nezara viridula egg parasitoid pheromone kairomone host location arrestment foraging behavior |
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