Recent Advances in Design and Synthesis of Self-Adjuvanting Lipopeptide Vaccines |
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Authors: | Istvan Toth Pavla Simerska Yoshio Fujita |
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Institution: | (1) School of Molecular and Microbial Sciences (SMMS), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, QLD, Australia |
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Abstract: | Synthetic lipopeptide vaccines are being increasingly investigated mainly because of the advantages they offer over traditional
vaccines, including safety of use in humans, high specificity in eliciting immune responses, greater purity and large scale/cost-effective
production capacity. Moreover, a number of lipopeptide vaccines designed to possess self-adjuvanting properties have been
developed and tested in vitro and in vivo. Producing high levels of serum-specific antibodies against incorporated peptide
epitopes, they are showing their potential as effective vaccine candidates without the need for a co-administered adjuvant
and/or carrier protein, often associated with undesirable effects in humans. This review presents recent insights on lipopeptide
vaccine research and development, particularly on (1) the influence of the orientation of peptide epitopes and lipids on immune
responses, (2) the use of carbohydrates for vaccine targeting, adjuvanting or as peptide epitope carriers, and (3) synthetic
approaches to highly pure, multi-epitopic vaccine molecules using native chemical ligation techniques. Incorporation of different
types of antigens within the same lipopeptide construct could provide a lipopeptide vaccine candidate suitable for safe and
effective mucosal administration, which is a comfortable way of drug delivery. |
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Keywords: | Vaccine Adjuvant Peptide Lipid Carbohydrate |
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