Botulinum toxin a inhibits acetylcholine release from cultured neurons in vitro |
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Authors: | Prabhati Ray |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Biology, Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 20307 Washington, DC |
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Abstract: | Summary Clostridium botulinum type toxin A (BoTx) blocks stimulus-induced acetylcholine (ACh) release from presynaptic nerve terminals
at peripheral neuromuscular junctions. However, the detailed mechanism of this effect remains elusive. One obstacle in solving
this problem is the lack of a suitable in vitro homogenous cholinergic neuronal model system. We studied the clonal pheochromocytoma
PC12 cell line to establish such a model. PC12 cells were differentiated in culture by treatment with 50 ng/ml nerve growth
factor (NGF) for 4 days to enhance cellular ACh synthesis and release properties. Stimulation of these cells with high K+ (80 mM) in the perfusion medium markedly increased calcium-dependent 3H]ACh release compared to undifferentiated cells. Stimulated 3H]ACh release was totally inhibited by pretreatment of cells with 2 nM BoTx for 2 h. BoTx inhibition of 3H]ACh release was time- and concentration-dependent. A 50% inhibition was obtained after 2 h incubation with a low (0.02 nM) toxin concentration. The time required for 2 nM BoTx to cause a measurable inhibition (18%) of stimulated 3H]ACh release was 30 min. Botulinum toxin inhibition of stimulated ACh release was prevented by toxin antiserum and heat treatment,
suggesting the specificity of the toxin effect. Our results show that by differentiation with NGF, PC12 cells can be shifted
from an insensitive to a sensitive state with respect to BoTx inhibition of stimulated ACh release. This cell line, therefore,
may serve as a valuable in vitro cholinergic model system to study the mechanism of action of BoTx. |
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Keywords: | PC12 cells nerve growth factor botulinum toxin A acetylcholine |
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