Molecular evolution of cryptochrome genes and the evolutionary manner of photoreceptor genes in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cardamine nipponica</Emphasis> (Brassicaceae) |
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Authors: | Hajime Ikeda Noriyuki Fujii Hiroaki Setoguchi |
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Institution: | (1) Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Science Build #2, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;(2) Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-nihonmatsu-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan;(3) Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan |
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Abstract: | Various photoreceptors in plants are used to monitor important environmental light signals and regulate plant development.
Despite their functional importance, recent studies have demonstrated that red/far-red absorbing phytochromes or blue/UV-A
absorbing cryptochromes are involved in local adaptation within a species’ range. In the present study, to exemplify the intraspecific
photoreceptor evolutionary pattern, the genetic structures of cryptochrome genes (CRY1 and CRY2) in Cardamine nipponica (Brassicaceae), of which PHYE, a gene coding one of the phytochromes, was found to be involved in local adaptation between central and northern Japanese
populations. Although clear genetic differentiations between central and northern Japan were detected (CRY1: F
ST = 0.63, CRY2: F
ST = 0.53), overall nucleotide diversity was very low (CRY1: π
Total = 0.0014, CRY2: π
Total = 0.0013), and the polymorphism patterns were neutral (CRY1: Tajima’s D = 0.084, P = 0.32, CRY2: D = −0.014, P = 0.39). Therefore, the involvement of cryptochromes in the adaptation to local environments is difficult to postulate. Consequently,
this study along with our previous findings suggest that intraspecific photoreceptor gene polymorphisms in C. nipponica were mostly suppressed by purifying selection due to their functional importance as photoreceptors, while some of the photoreceptors
may play substantial roles in adaptation to local environments. |
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Keywords: | |
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