Seasonal influence on head capsule deformities in Chironomus zealandicus (Hudson) (Diptera: Chironomidae) |
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Authors: | K Jeyasingham N Ling |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, New Zealand;(2) Present address: Environmental Services Division, Dubbo City Council, P.O. Box 81, Dubbo, NSW, 2830, Australia;(3) Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, New Zealand |
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Abstract: | The natural incidence of deformities in the head capsules of Chironomus zealandicus was investigated at four lake sites in the central North Island (New Zealand) in summer (December) of 1994, 1995 and 1996, and winter (June) of 1995 and 1996. Significant differences were observed in deformities between sites and seasons. Individuals from Hamurana Stream, a relatively clean site, had the lowest incidence of deformities. However, there were still significant numbers of deformed chironomids. The incidence of deformity increased in summer in larvae from all sites except Hamurana Stream. No seasonal differences were observed in larvae from Hamurana Stream. There are indications that substrate type, season and genetic factors, as well as sediment chemistry may have collectively contributed to the incidence of head capsule abnormalities in C. zealandicus. |
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Keywords: | biological indicator Chironomidae Chironomus zealandicus deformity head capsule |
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