Dehydroepiandrosterone activates endothelial cell nitric-oxide synthase by a specific plasma membrane receptor coupled to Galpha(i2,3)

The adrenal steroid dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) has no known cellular receptor or unifying mechanism of action, despite evidence suggesting beneficial vascular effects in humans. Based on previous data from our laboratory, we hypothesized that DHEA binds to specific cell-surface receptors to activate intracellular G-proteins and endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS). We now pharmacologically characterize a putative plasma membrane DHEA receptor and define its associated G-proteins. The 3H]DHEA binding to isolated plasma membranes from bovine aortic endothelial cells was of high affinity (K(d) = 48.7 pm) and saturable (B(max) = 500 fmol/mg protein). Structurally related steroids failed to compete with DHEA for binding. The putative DHEA receptor was functionally coupled to G-proteins, because guanosine 5'-O-(3-thio)triphosphate (GTPgammaS) inhibited 3H]DHEA binding to plasma membranes by 69%, and DHEA increased 35S]GTPgammaS binding by 157%. DHEA stimulated 35S]GTPgammaS binding to Galpha(i2) and Galpha(i3), but not to Galpha(i1) or Galpha(o). Pretreatment of plasma membranes with antibody to Galpha(i2) or Galpha(i3), but not to Galpha(i1), inhibited the DHEA activation of eNOS. Thus, DHEA receptors are expressed on endothelial cell plasma membranes and are coupled to eNOS activity through Galpha(i2) and Galpha(i3). These novel findings should allow us to isolate the putative receptor and reevaluate the physiological role of DHEA activity.