火丝菌科(盘菌目)部分属的系统学研究

本文以核糖体小亚基(SSUrDNA)为分子标记,对28个属60个种的71个序列片段进行序列分析,探讨火丝菌科的属间亲缘关系。研究结果支持广义的火丝菌科概念,表明该科是单起源的,显示5个主要分支。腐生或与植物共生形成菌根、囊盘被表面具有毛状物的15个属构成A分支,该分支中仅部分属之间的关系比较明确;与苔藓植物生长在一起的4个属构成B分支;C分支包括Otidea和Otideopsis两属,后者与Otidea的成员混杂在一起;D分支仅包括Acervus的成员;E分支由Geopyxis,Tarzetta,Paurocotylis等5个属组成。分子系统学的研究结果与形态学分类系统之间存在一定差异,依据形态特征和超微结构建立的亚科和族均未获得支持。

Phylogeny of some genera in the Pyronemataceae (Pezizales, Ascomycetes)

Phylogenetic relationships among some members of the Pyronemataceae were studied based on 71 SSU rDNA sequences from 60 species of 28 genera in the Pyronemataceae and 13 species in several families of the Pezizales. Maximum parsimony and Bayesian analyses suggest that Pyronemataceae in a broad sense seems monophyletic. Subfamilies and tribes suggested previously by different authors are not supported by our molecular data. Five distinct lineages are recognized within the family. Fifteen terrestrial, saprophytic and hairy genera constitute Lineage A, for which only the relationships of some taxa involved are clear. The four moss-associated genera are closely related and form Lineage B. Lineage C contains only Otidea and Otideopsis and shows that Otideopsis is nested among taxa of Otidea. Lineage D contains only the morphologically distinct genus Acervus. Lineage E includes the remaining genera with diverse gross morphology, in which many problems still need to be solved. Comments on some morphological features used in taxonomy of the family are provided.