洪湖野菰及其化学成分分析

野菰(Zizania latifolia)是湖北省洪湖中优势水生维管束植物,其群落占全湖355平方公里面积的127平方公里。茎和叶的年生物量为4379克鲜重/平方米,全湖总年产量121700吨干重,目前未被利用。野菰各器官的蛋白质和氨基酸含量分别以百分干重表示:根,7.0和4.76;根状茎,11.3和8.85;茎,9.5和7.15;嫩茎梢,22.4和16.53;叶,16.8和14.61。500克干叶的必需氨基酸含量接近100克干重草鱼幼鱼背肌的必需氨基酸含量。脂肪:叶中3.4～4.2,茎中2.2;粗纤维:叶中26.8～28,茎中24.2;灰分:叶中10.0,茎中5.8。菰茎含可溶性糖类30％以上,其中葡萄糖,果糖、蔗糖和麦芽糖是主要成分。结果表明野菰是一种优质饲料。

ZIZANIA LATIFOLIA IN LAKE HONGHU AND THE ANALYSIS OF ITS CHEMICAL COMPOSITION

Zizania latifolia is one of the major aquatic macrophytes in lake Honghu, Hubei province. It covers an area of 127 Km~2 in the lake (355 Km~2), with a biomass of the shoot of 4379g m~(-2) in fresh wt. and a potential annual yield over 121,700 tons dry wt in total. However, it has not yet been used effectively.Protein and amino acids in different organs of this plant were analyzed. In terms of percentage in dry wt, the contents of protein and amino acids are 7.0 and 4.76 in root, 11.3 and 8.85 in rhizome, 9.5 and 7.15 in stalk, 22.4 and 16.53 in tender stalk, 16.8 and 14.61 in leaf, respectively. It was found that the contents of the essential amino acids in 500 g dry wt of leaf approximate to that of the essential amino acids in 100 g dry wt of dorsal muscle of the juvenile grass carp.Other chemical constituents were also determined. The contents in percentage are: fat, 3.4--4.2 in leaf and 2.2 in stalk; crude fiber, 26.8--28.0 in leaf and 24.2 in stalk; ash, 10.0--10.3 in leaf and 5.8 in stalk. The stalk contains soluble carbohydrates more than 30% of dry wt and glucose, fructose, sucrose and maltose are rich, Thus, Zizania latifolia is a feeding crop of high quality.