不同荷花品种出泥部分与根状茎生长性状和部分生理指标的比较及相关性分析

在盆栽条件下,对不同荷花(Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.)品种〔藕莲品种'大紫红'('Dazihong')、花莲品种'中国红·上海'('Zhongguohongshanghai')和花藕兼用莲品种'逸仙莲'('Yixianlian')〕出泥部分(叶和花)和泥下部分(根状茎)的生长性状和部分生理指标进行了比较研究,并对3个荷花品种出泥部分与根状茎间的生长性状和部分生理指标进行了相关性分析.结果表明:'大紫红'在整个生长发育期不开花;'中国红·上海'开花时间相对较早(6月上旬),花重瓣且色泽鲜艳;'逸仙莲'开花时间相对较晚(7月上中旬),花单瓣呈白色.3个荷花品种中,'大紫红'立叶数最少,立叶面积最大,根状茎膨大明显,根状茎中可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量最高;'中国红·上海'立叶数最多,立叶中叶绿素含量最高,根状茎节间长度最长,但根状茎膨大不明显;'逸仙莲'立叶数居中,叶柄最长,根状茎膨大明显,根状茎中可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖、淀粉和维生素C含量介于其他2个荷花品种之间.相关性分析结果表明:荷花立叶面积与根状茎节间长度呈显著负相关,而与根状茎中可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质及维生素C含量呈极显著或显著正相关;叶柄长度与根状茎直径和根状茎节间质量呈显著正相关;立叶中叶绿素含量与根状茎节间长度和根状茎中淀粉含量呈显著正相关,而与根状茎中可溶性糖含量呈显著负相关.研究结果显示:根据供试3个荷花品种的立叶面积、叶柄长度、立叶中叶绿素含量可间接判断根状茎的生长发育及营养品质状况,并可进一步应用于快速选育花藕兼用莲品种.

Comparisons on growth characters and some physiological indexes of above-silt part and rhizome of different cultivars of Nelumbo nucifera and correlation analysis

Under pot culture condition, growth characters and some physiological indexes of above-silt part ( leaf and flower ) and under-silt part ( rhizome ) of different cultivars ( rhizome lotus cultivar'Dazihong' , flower lotus cultivar'Zhongguohongshanghai' and dual purpose of flower and rhizome lotus cultivar 'Yixianlian ' ) of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. were compared and researched, and correlation analysis on growth characters and some physiological indexes of above-silt part and rhizome of three cultivars of N. nucifera were conducted. The results show that'Dazihong' does not flower throughout the growth and development period. 'Zhongguohongshanghai' has a relatively early flowering time ( the first ten days of June) , with double flower and bright color. 'Yixianlian' has a relatively late flowering time ( the first and middle ten days of July) , with single flower and white color. Among three cultivars of N.nucifera , number of standing leaves of'Dazihong' is the least, standing leaf area is the biggest, rhizome expands obviously, and contents of soluble sugar and soluble protein in rhizome are the highest;number of standing leaves of 'Zhongguohongshanghai' is the most, chlorophyll content in standing leaf is the highest, internode length of rhizome is the longest, but rhizome does not expand obviously; number of standing leaves of 'Yixianlian' is in middle, petiole length is the longest, rhizome expands obviously, and contents of soluble protein, soluble sugar, starch and vitamin C in rhizome are between those of other two cultivars of N. nucifera. The correlation analysis result shows that correlation of standing leaf area of N. nucifera with internode length of rhizome is significantly negative, while that with contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein and vitamin C in rhizome is obviously significantly or significantly positive;correlation of petiole length with diameter and internode mass of rhizome is significantly positive;correlation of chlorophyll content in standing leaf with internode length of rhizome and starch content in rhizome is significantly positive, while that with soluble sugar content in rhizome is significantly negative. It is suggested that growth, development and nutritional quality of rhizome can be indirectly judged by standing leaf area, petiole length and chlorophyll content in standing leaf of three cultivars tested of N. nucifera, which can be further applied to rapid selection of dual purpose of flower and rhizome lotus cultivar.