时域相干刺激研究进展

脑深部电刺激已成为许多神经和精神疾病的有效治疗方法。然而，侵入性的电极植入会带来手术并发症的风险，并且刺激靶区在植入后很难改变。经颅磁刺激和经颅电刺激等非侵入性刺激方法为调节大脑功能提供了新的途径。但是，尚未证明这些非侵入性脑刺激方法可以直接调节脑深部神经元活动而不影响皮层神经元。因此，这些方法主要用于调节大脑表层脑区的神经活动。时域相干（temporal interference，TI）刺激是通过两个高频电场相互作用，产生低频包络调节神经活动的一种非侵入式脑深部电刺激的新方法，该方法有望解决无创脑深部刺激的需求。本文首先介绍TI刺激的概念以及安全性，然后阐述TI刺激现有研究中的电场分析方法，并讨论电场分析相关的生理模型建模方法和仿真平台以及TI刺激诱发场分布的研究进展与在动物和人体中的应用进展。最后，本文展望了TI刺激技术未来发展方向，以期为无创脑深部刺激研究提供新的研究思路。

Electric Field Analysis Progress of Temporal Interference

Deep brain stimulation has become an effective treatment for many neurological and psychiatric conditions. However, invasive electrode implantation carries the risk of surgical complications, and the stimulation target is difficult to change after implantation. Non-invasive stimulation methods such as transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial electrical stimulation offer new avenues for modulating brain function. However, these non-invasive brain stimulation methods have not been shown to directly modulate deep brain activity without affecting cortical neurons. Therefore, these methods are mainly used to modulate neural activity in the superficial regions of the brain. Temporal interference (TI) stimulation is a new non-invasive deep brain stimulation method that modulates neural activity through the interaction of two high-frequency electric fields to generate a low-frequency envelope. This approach is expected to address the need for non-invasive deep brain stimulation. This paper first introduces the concept and safety of TI stimulation, and then describes the evoked field analysis methods in the existing research on TI stimulation and discusses the physiological model modeling method and simulation platform related to TI stimulation analysis. Research progress and application progress in animals and humans also were introduced. Finally, based on the current research progress, we proposed future research directions for TI stimulation, to provide new research ideas for non-invasive deep brain stimulation research.