生态系统健康评价方法初探

生态系统是维持人类环境的最基本单元，生态系统功能主要体现在两个方面：一是生态服务功能（service)；二是价值功能（goods)这两种功能是人类生态和发展的基础，生态系统健康是保证生态系统功能正常发挥的前提，结构和功能的完整性，具有抵抗干扰和恢复能力（resilience)、稳定和可持续性是生态系统健康的特征，生态系统健康评价需要基于生态系统的结构、功能过程来确定指标，包括生态系统的完整性，适应性和效率，生态系统健康评价主要有两种方法：一是指示物种评价，二是结构功能指标评价，结构功能指标评价包括单指标评价，复合指标评价和指标体系评价，指标体系评价中又包括自然指标体系评价，社会－经济－自然复合生态系统指标体系评价，本文针对生态系统健康的不同评价方法进行了对比研究，同时，针对不同的生态系统类型应选择其健康评价方法方面进行了简要的阐述。

Assessment method of ecosystem health

Ecosystem is the basic unit to maintain human environment. Ecosystem function mainly includes two aspects:e-cosystem service function and goods function. These two functions are the basis for human living and development. Ecosystem health is the presupposition of ecosystem function. The completeness (structure and function), resilience, stabilty, and sustainability are the characteristics of ecosystem health. Ecosystem health assessment selects the indicator based on the ecosystem structure and function, including completeness, suitability, and effectiveness of ecosystem. Ecosystem health assessment mainly has two methods :one is indicator species assessment, and the other is structure and function index assessment which includes single index assessment, complex index assessment, and index system assessment which includes natural index system assessment and social-economic-natural index system assessment. In this paper, different assessment methods on ecosystem health are compared, and different health assessment method for different ecosystem types are also expatiated.