Shoot multiplication kinetics and hyperhydric status of regenerated shoots of gladiolus in agar-solidified and matrix-supported liquid cultures |
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Authors: | S Dutta Gupta V S S Prasad |
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Institution: | 1.Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering,Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur,Kharagpur,India |
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Abstract: | In vitro shoot regeneration of gladiolus in three different culture systems, viz., semi-solid agar (AS), membrane raft (MR),
and duroplast foam liquid (DF) cultures was evaluated following the kinetics of shoot multiplication and hyperhydricity at
optimized growth regulator combinations. Compared to the AS system, matrix-supported liquid cultures enhanced shoot multiplication.
The peak of shoot multiplication rate was attained at 18 days of incubation in the MR and DF systems, whereas the maximum
rate in the AS system was attained at 21 days. An early decline in acceleration trend was observed in liquid cultures than
the AS culture. The hyperhydric status of the regenerated shoots in the different culture systems was assessed in terms of
stomatal attributes and antioxidative status. Stomatal behavior appeared to be normal in the AS and MR systems. However, structural
anomaly of stomata such as large, round shaped guard cells with damage in bordering regions of stomatal pores was pronounced
in the DF system along with a relatively higher K+ ion concentration than in the AS and MR systems. Antioxidative status of regenerated shoots was comparable in the AS and
MR systems, while a higher incidence of oxidative damages of lipid membrane as evidenced from malondialdehyde and ascorbate
content was observed in the DF system. Higher oxidative stress in the DF system was also apparent by elevated activities of
superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, and catalase. Among the three culture systems, liquid culture with MR resulted
in maximum shoot multiplication with little or no symptoms of hyperhydricity. Shoots in the DF system were more prone to hyperhydricity
than those in the AS and MR systems. The use of matrix support such as membrane raft as an interface between liquid medium
and propagating tissue could be an effective means for rapid and efficient mass propagation with little or no symptoms of
hyperhydricity. |
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