Plasma insulin-like growth factor-I,testosterone and morphological changes in the growth of captive agile gibbons ( Hylobates agilis) from birth to adolescence |
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Authors: | Suzuki Juri Kato Akino Maeda Norihiko Hashimoto Chihiro Uchikoshi Makiko Mizutani Toshiaki Doke Chisato Matsuzawa Tetsuro |
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Institution: | (1) Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan;(2) Department of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Aichi, Japan |
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Abstract: | We examined growth changes in concentrations of plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and testosterone, and somatometric
parameters in two captive male agile gibbons from birth to about 4 years of age, to examine the evolution of growth patterns
in primates. Plasma IGF-1 concentrations in agile gibbons generally increased with age with values ranging from 200 to 1,100 ng/ml.
The growth profiles in plasma IGF-1 in the gibbons were similar to those reported for chimpanzees. The highest concentrations
of plasma testosterone (230 and 296 ng/dl) were observed within the first 0.3 years from birth, then the concentrations rapidly
decreased and fluctuated below 100 ng/dl. Continuously higher IGF-1 concentrations were observed after 2.6 and 3.5 years of
age. The profiles of plasma testosterone in these gibbons also resembled those of other primates including humans. However,
their plasma testosterone levels in both neonate and adult stages (60 ng/dl) were lower than those reported for macaques and
chimpanzees of respective stages. The obtained growth profiles of plasma IGF-1 and testosterone suggest that the adolescent
phase starts around 2.6 or 3.5 years of age in male agile gibbons. The growth trend in many morphological parameters including
body weight showed a linear increase without a significant growth spurt at approximately the onset of puberty. Head length
and first digit length had reached a plateau during the study period. Brachial index, which indicates the relative length
of forearm to upper arm, significantly increased gradually through the growth period. This result indicates that forearm becomes
relatively longer than the upper arm with growth, which may be an evolutionary adaptation for brachiation. |
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Keywords: | Gibbon Growth Insulin-like growth factor-1 Somatometry Testosterone |
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