凡纳滨对虾对吉林西部盐碱水的适应性

采用淡化虾塘水添加天然盐碱水的方法，进行盐碱水环境下凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)生存能力实验，探讨吉林西部盐碱水域对虾养殖技术.结果表明，未驯化幼虾在碱度为515～19.24 mmol·L^-1的盐碱水体存活时间大于96 h，在23.41～38.78 mmol·L^-1的盐碱水体生存时间小于0.75 h；驯化幼虾在碱度为5.15～38.78 mmol·L^-1的盐碱水体存活时间大于24 h.未驯化幼虾适应的盐碱水碱度上限在10 mmol·L^-1左右，对递增碱度差的适应能力小于8 mmol·L^-1.提高驯化水平，可增强幼虾对盐碱水环境的综合适应能力.碱度驯化至30 mmol·L^-1的幼虾对递增碱度差和递减碱度差的适应能力分别为2～4 mmol·L^-1及3～25 mmol·L^-1，可以在吉林西部碱度小于32 mmol·L^-1的盐碱水域养殖凡纳滨对虾.

Adaptability of Litopenaeus vannamei to saline-alkali water in west Jilin Province

By supplementing natural saline-alkali water into desalinated prawn-cultivating pond, this paper studied the survival ability of Litopenaeus vannamei under saline-alkali water environment. The results showed that the survival duration of untamed juvenile shrimp was more than 96 hours at the alkalinity of saline-alkali water from 5.15 to 19.24 mmol x L(-1), and less than 0.75 hours at the alkalinity from 23.41 to 38.78 mmol x L(-1). The survival duration of tamed juvenile shrimp was more than 24 hours at the alkalinity from 5.15 to 38.78 mmol x L(-1). The upper limit of alkalinity adapted by untamed juvenile shrimp was about 10 mmol x L(-1), and the adaptability to the increasing disparity in alkalinity was under 8 mmol x L(-1). The adaptability of juvenile shrimp could be increased by the increase of tamed standard, and that of tamed juvenile shrimp to the alkalinity of 30 mmol x L(-1) was from 2 to 4 mmol x L(-1) and from 3 to 25 mmol x L(-1) for the alkalinity disparity increase and decrease, respectively. Litopenaeus vannamei could be cultivated in the saline-alkali water with an alkalinity of 32 mmol x L(-1) in west Jilin Province.