神经胶质细胞与突触可塑性研究新进展

突触的可塑性是研究学习与记忆的基础,很长时间以来人们对突触的可塑性研究主要集中在神经元和突触上;而胶质细胞的作用较少受到注意。最近的研究发现胶质细胞也参与突触的构成并影响突触的活动。研究表明中枢神经系统中的胶质细胞包括星形胶质细胞、小胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞可分别通过谷氨酸、丝氨酸、甘氨酸、ATP等信号调节突触的可塑性,从而为突触的可塑性研究提供了新的思路和方向,并有助于阐明突触的发生以及学习与记忆的机制。

The updated advancements in synaptic plasticity mediated by glial cells

Synaptic plasticity is the basis of learning and memory and extensive studies focused on neurons and synapses whereas glial cells are neglected for a long time.Recent studies indicate that glial cells can be involved in the formation of tripartite synapse and affect the activities of synapse,and thereby the roles of glial cells in synaptic plasticity have been noticed gradually.There are evidences that astrocytes,microglia and oligodendrocytes can modulate the synaptic plasticity via multiple signaling pathways,including glutamate,serine,glycine and ATP et al.These studies have provided new directions for the synaptic plasticity study and will contribute greatly to the clarification of the synaptogenesis and learning and memory.