miR-375, a microRNA related to diabetes |
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| Authors: | Xueling Li |
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| Affiliation: | The Key Laboratory of National Education Ministry for Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, PR China |
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| Abstract: | miR-375 is an important small non-coding RNA that is specifically expressed in islet cells of the pancreas. miR-375 is required for normal pancreatic genesis and influences not only β-cell mass but also α-cell mass. miR-375 is also important to glucose-regulated insulin secretion through the regulation of the expression of Mtpn and Pdk1 genes. When human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) differentiate into endodermal lineages, miR-375 is highly expressed in the definitive endoderm, which suggests that miR-375 may have a distinct role in early development. miR-375 plays an important role in the complex regulatory network of pancreatic development, which could be regulated by pancreatic genes, such as NeuroD1, Ngn3, Pdx1 and Hnf6; additionally, miR-375 regulates genes related to pancreas development, cell growth and proliferation and insulin secretion genes to exert its function. Because of the special role of miR-375, it may be a potential target to treat diabetes. Antagonising miR-375 may enhance the effects of exendin-4 in patients, and controlling the expression of miR-375 could assist mature hESCs-derived β-cells. |
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| Keywords: | miRNAs, microRNA MTPN, myotrophin PDK1, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isozyme 1 hESCs, human embryonic stem cells NGN3, neurogenin 3 PDX1, pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 WHO, World Health Organization iPSCs, induced pluripotent stem cells 3&prime UTRs, the 3&prime untranslated regions cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate EPAC2, exchange protein activated by cyclic AMP 2 GEF II, guanine nucleotide exchange factor II PKA, protein kinase A HNF1β, hepatocyte nuclear factor 1beta SOX, SRY (sex determining region Y)-box PAX6, paired box gene 6 INSM1, insulinoma-associated protein 1 bHLH, basic helix&ndash loop&ndash helix CAV1, caveolin 1 ID3, inhibitor of DNA binding 3 SMARCA2, SWI/SNF related matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily A, member 2 AIFM1, apoptosis-inducing factor, mitochondrion-associated 1 RASD1, RAS, dexamethasone-induced 1 RGS16, regulator of G-protein signaling 16 EEFLE1, eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 epsilon 1 CLQBP, complement component 1, Q subcomponent binding protein HUD, ELAV (embryonic lethal, abnormal vision, drosophila)-like 4 CADM1, cell adhesion molecule 1 GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide-1 |
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