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Related assemblages of sulphate-reducing bacteria associated with ultradeep gold mines of South Africa and deep basalt aquifers of Washington State |
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| Authors: | Baker Brett J Moser Duane P MacGregor Barbara J Fishbain Susan Wagner Michael Fry Norman K Jackson Brad Speolstra Nico Loos Steffen Takai Ken Lollar Barbara Sherwood Fredrickson Jim Balkwill David Onstott Tullis C Wimpee Charles F Stahl David A |
| Institution: | Dept. of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3209 N. Maryland Ave. Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA.; Dept. of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544; Dept. of Civil Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 N. Sheridan Rd. Evanston, IL 60208, USA.; Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie Technische Universität München Am Hochanger 4 D-85350 Freising, Germany.; Respiratory and Systemic Infection Laboratory, PHLS Central Public Health Laboratory, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5HT, UK.; Driefontein Consolidated Mining Company, Carletonville, South Africa.; Univerisität Mainz, Institut Geowissenschaften, Postfach 3980, D-55099 Mainz, Germany.; Pacific Northwest National Laboratories, Environmental Microbiology Group, Richland, WA 99352, USA.; Dept. of Geology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3D1, Canada.; Dept. of Biological Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA. |
| Abstract: | We characterized the diversity of sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) associated with South African gold mine boreholes and deep aquifer systems in Washington State, USA. Sterile cartridges filled with crushed country rock were installed on two hydrologically isolated and chemically distinct sites at depths of 3.2 and 2.7 km below the land surface (kmbls) to allow development of biofilms. Enrichments of sulphate-reducing chemolithotrophic (H2) and organotrophic (lactate) bacteria were established from each site under both meso- and thermophilic conditions. Dissimilatory sulphite reductase (Dsr) and 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes amplified from DNA extracted from the cartridges were most closely related to the Gram-positive species Desulfotomaculum thermosapovorans and Desulfotomaculum geothermicum, or affiliated with a novel deeply branching clade. The dsr sequences recovered from the Washington State deep aquifer systems affiliated closely with the South African sequences, suggesting that Gram-positive sulphate-reducing bacteria are widely distributed in the deep subsurface. |
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