Living with the enemy: parasites and pathogens of the ladybird <Emphasis Type="Italic">Harmonia axyridis</Emphasis> |
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Authors: | Helen E Roy Emma Rhule Susanne Harding Lori-Jayne Lawson Handley Remy L Poland Eric W Riddick Tove Steenberg |
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Institution: | 1.Centre for Ecology & Hydrology,Crowmarsh Gifford,UK;2.Department of Genetics,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,UK;3.Department of Agriculture and Ecology,University of Copenhagen,Frederiksberg C,Denmark;4.Evolutionary Biology Group, Department of Biological Sciences,The University of Hull,Kingston-Upon-Hull,UK;5.Clifton College,Bristol,UK;6.National Biological Control Laboratory,USDA-Agricultural Research Service,Stoneville,USA;7.Department of Agroecology,University of Aarhus,Slagelse,Denmark |
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Abstract: | Harmonia axyridis is an invasive alien predator in many countries across the world. The rapid establishment and spread of this species is of
concern because of the threat it poses to biodiversity as a generalist predator. Understanding the mechanisms that contribute
to the success of this species as an invader is not only intriguing but also critical to our understanding of the processes
governing such invasions. The enemy release hypothesis (ERH) could explain the rapid population growth of many invasive alien
species. However, empirical evidence in support of the ERH is lacking. An alternative hypothesis that could explain rapid
population growth is evolution of increased competitive ability (EICA). Here we provide an overview of the parasites and pathogens
of coccinellids with a particular focus on H. axyridis as a host. We examine the differential susceptibility of host species and highlight the resilience of H. axyridis in comparison to other coccinellids. We recognise the paucity and limitations of available information and suggest that studies,
within a life-table framework, comparing life history traits of H. axyridis in both the native and introduced ranges are necessary. We predict that H. axyridis could benefit from both enemy release and EICA within the introduced range but require further empirical evidence. |
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