Lima bean�Clady beetle interactions: spider mite mediates sublethal effects of its host plant on growth and development of its predator |
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Authors: | E W Riddick M G Rojas Z Wu |
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Institution: | (1) National Biological Control Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA |
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Abstract: | Cultivated plants can have negative effects on natural enemies that attack spider mites. In this study, we tested the hypothesis
that spider mites mediate effects of a lima bean, Phaseolus
lunatus L., cultivar on the life history of a lady beetle Stethorus punctillum Weise. We provisioned laboratory arenas with two-spotted spider mites, Tetranychus
urticae Koch, from planters containing Henderson Bush Bean or Fordhook 242 lima bean plants and monitored the growth, development,
larval survival, fecundity, and adult life span of predators. We determined the protein content and the linamarin (a cyanogenic
glycoside) content in foliage, spider mites, and predators. Predators took longer to develop and were smaller sized when consuming
mites from the Henderson foliage. There was no significant mite-mediated effect of cultivar on predator fecundity or life
span. Although soluble protein was greater in foliage of the Henderson than the Fordhook cultivar, mites contained less protein
when reared on the Henderson, and predators contained less protein when fed with mites from the Henderson. Linamarin content
was greater in Henderson than Fordhook foliage, and greater in spider mites and predators in the Henderson treatment. Linamarin
in Henderson foliage may reduce the ability of spider mites to utilize plant protein. As a result, prey quality is reduced
and predators that feed on these prey (from the Henderson treatment) grow at a slower rate and are smaller sized than their
cohorts (from the Fordhook treatment). In conclusion, T. urticae mediates the effects of the Henderson cultivar on S. punctillum development but not fecundity or life span. |
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