Succession of sea-ice bacterial communities in the Baltic Sea fast ice |
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Authors: | Hermanni Kaartokallio Jaana Tuomainen Harri Kuosa Jorma Kuparinen Pertti J Martikainen Kristina Servomaa |
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Institution: | 1. Finnish Institute of Marine Research, Helsinki, Finland 2. Aquatic Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 3. Environmental Sciences, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland 4. School of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland 5. Tv?rminne Zoological Station, University of Helsinki, Hanko, Finland 6. North-Savo Regional Environment Centre, Kuopio, Finland
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Abstract: | Coastal fast ice and underlying water of the northern Baltic Sea were sampled throughout the entire ice winter from January
to late March in 2002 to study the succession of bacterial biomass, secondary production and community structure. Temperature
gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE) and sequencing of TGGE fragments were applied in the community structure analysis. Chlorophyll-a and composition of autotrophic and heterotrophic assemblages were also examined. Overall succession of ice organism assemblages
consisted of a low-productive stage, the main algal bloom, and a heterotrophic post-bloom situation, as typical for the study
area. The most important groups of organisms in ice in terms of biomass were dinoflagellates, plasticidic flagellates, rotifers
and ciliates. Ice bacteria showed a specific succession not directly dependent on the overall succession events of ice organisms.
Sequenced 16S rDNA fragments were mainly affiliated to α-, β-, and γ-proteobacterial phyla and Cytophaga–Flavobacterium–Bacteroides-group, and related to sequences from cold environments, also from the Baltic Sea. Temporal clustering of the TGGE fingerprints
was stronger than spatial, although lower ice and underlying water communities always clustered together, pointing to the
importance of ice maturity and ice–water interactions in shaping the bacterial communities. |
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Keywords: | Sea ice Bacteria Algae Baltic Sea 16S rDNA TGGE Phylogeny |
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