陕西老县城自然保护区的鸟类多样性及G-F指数分析

2003年7月和2004年5月,利用样线法对陕西老县城自然保护区进行了鸟类多样性调查,结合历史资料,老县城自然保护区共有鸟类13目36科107属190种,其中国家重点保护鸟类16种,我国特有鸟类12种。按季节型区分,其中留鸟116种,夏候鸟56种,冬候鸟、旅鸟和迷鸟共计18种,从分布型区分,东洋种、古北种和广布种分别为70种、87种和33种。多样性指数分析显示,阔叶林生境中鸟类资源最为丰富,其次为针阔混交林。老县城自然保护区鸟类的优势种为红嘴蓝鹊(Urocissa erythrorhyncha)、星鸦(Nucifraga caryocatactes),此外,山雀类(Parusspp.)、柳莺类(Phylloscopusspp.)以及环颈雉(Phasianuscolchicus)也有较大的种群。同时,将老县城自然保护区的鸟类多样性与其周边的佛坪、长青、太白等自然保护区进行了G-F指数对比分析。发现佛坪自然保护区的鸟类多样性无论是F指数、G指数还是G-F指数均为最高,佛坪在鸟纲(AVES)科属水平上拥有相对较高的鸟类多样性。用基于科属水平的G-F指数与基于物种水平的Shannon-Wiener指数相结合评价某一地区的鸟类多样性,将更为客观。

Bird Diversity and Avian G-F Index of the Laoxiancheng Nature Reserve, Shaanxi

We conducted two bird surveys in the Laoxiancheng Nature Reserve in July 2003 and May 2004,combined with the historical data,190 species of birds were recorded in the reserve,respectively.These birds belong to 13 orders,36 families and 107 genera,of which 16 species has been listed in Chinese National Key Protected Wild Animal Species and 12 species are of endemic to China.Of 173 species breed(including residents and summer residents) in the region and 18 species either winter in the reserve or are transient migrants or vagrant.Of the total species,70 species distribute in the Oriental realm,87 species in the Palaearitic realm and 33 species occur in both.Analysis of the bird diversity by habitats, it was showed that the broadleaved forest had the most richness of birds,following by the coniferous-broadleaved mixed forest.Red-billed Blue Magpie(Urocissa erythrorhyncha) and Spotted Nutcracker(Nucifraga caryocatactes) were the most numerous species.Tits(Parus spp.),Warblers(Phylloscopus spp.) and Common King-necked Pheasant(Phasianus colchicus) were the most common birds.We also calculated the G-F index of the bird fauna in Foping,Changqing and Taibai Nature Reserves which are neighbours of the Laoxiancheng Reserve. Foping had the highest F index,G index and G-F index.As the G-F index reflects the diversity of Family and Genus,the Shannon-Weiner index reflects the ecological diversity of species,G-F index,a combination of F index and G index, provides a more comprehensive measure of bird species diversity.