Effects of field fertilizer practices on labeled ammonium-nitrogen transformations and its utilization by winter wheat |
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Authors: | R V Olson |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Agronomy, Throckmorton Hall, Kansas State University, 66506 Manhattan, KS, USA |
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Abstract: | Summary Field experiments with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were conducted in two years at two locations using15N-enriched (NH4)2SO4 on Smolan silt loam (Pachic Argiustoll) and Ost loam (Typic Arguistoll) soils. The objective was to relate differences in
crop utilization of fertilizer to movement and transformations of the N in a complete factorial experiment having fall and
spring applications, banded and broadcast, with and without nitrapyrin. Plant uptake of the 60 kg N/ha applied varied from
31% to 62% with greatest uptake when fertilizer was banded in the spring without nitrapyrin and least uptake from fall and
spring broadcast treatments using nitrapyrin.
Analysis of single factor effects showed greater crop contents of fertilizer N for spring than fall applications. That was
related to immobilization of the applied N. Much more fertilizer N was in inorganic forms during the period of rapid wheat
growth with spring applications than with fall. Banding the fertilizer at a depth of 0.05 m resulted in greater plant uptake
than broadcasting or banding it on the soil surface. A significant portion of the applied N was immobilized near the point
of application. That limited the downward movement of the N placed on the surface, making it less available to plant roots
than the N placed 0.05 m deep where soil moisture was more favorable.
Use of nitrapyrin resulted in lowered amounts of fertilizer N as NO3-until mid-May for fall treatments and until harvest with spring treatments. That appeared to be the reason for lowered plant
uptake when nitrapyrin was used.
Published in memory of Professor R V Olson and over 40 years of contributions and service to agriculture and soil science
(1919–1985). |
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Keywords: | Immobilization Leaching Nitrification 15N N fertilizers Winter wheat |
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