Teratological deformities of pedipalps in the Tegenaria atrica spider,induced by low and high temperatures applied alternately |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Geobiology, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;2. Department of Geology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand;3. Department of Botany, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand;4. Department of River Ecology and Conservation, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, 63571 Gelnhausen, Germany;5. Research Associate of the Royal British Columbia Museum and the American Museum of Natural History, 691-8th Ave. SE, Salmon Arm, British Columbia, V1E 2C2, Canada;6. ACEBB & SGC, School of Biological Sciences, DX 650 312, The University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;7. Department of Entomology, Natural History Museum, and Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA;8. Western Australian Museum, Welshpool, WA 6986, Australia;9. GNS Science, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand;10. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, CA 95832, USA;11. Department of Biosciences, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland;12. J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany;13. Univ Rennes, CNRS, Géosciences Rennes - UMR 6118, 35000 Rennes, France;14. Finnish Museum of Natural History, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland;15. Steinmann Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany;p. Department of Entomology, State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany;q. Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Parasitology, University of Gdańsk, 80-309 Gdańsk, Poland |
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| Abstract: | The study was aimed at demonstrating the relationship between temperature (as a factor which disturbs morphogenesis) and deformities in the front part of the prosoma in Tegenaria atrica. By exposing spider embryos to alternating temperatures of 14 and 32 °C for the first 10 days of embryonic development, i.e. until the first metameres of the prosoma appeared on the germ band, we obtained individuals with a range of anomalies including those which affected the prosomal morphology. We selected five spiders with deformities of pedipalps or of pedipalps and walking legs for comprehensive analysis. The results indicate a relationship between temperature applied as a teratogenic factor and anomalies in the front part of the prosoma. |
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| Keywords: | Alternating temperatures Anomalies Embryogenesis Spiders Teratological studies |
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