Effects of rapid temperature fluctuations prior to breeding on reproductive efficiency in replacement gilts |
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| Institution: | 1. USDA-ARS, Livestock Behavior Research Unit, 125 S. Russell St., Rm. 219C, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States;2. Purdue University, Department of Animal Sciences, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States;3. University of Tennessee, Department of Animal Science, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States;1. Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011;2. Zinpro Corporation, Eden Prairie, MN 55344;1. Department of Large Animal Science, University of Copenhagen, DK1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark;2. Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Inge Lehmanns Gade 10, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark;1. Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1;2. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 4S9;3. Department of Medical Veterinary Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy;4. Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Alfred, ON, Canada K0B 1A0;5. Prairie Swine Centre, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7H 5N9;6. Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5A2;7. Institut de Recerca I Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Veïnat de Sies s/n 17121 Monells, Girona, Spain;8. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1M 0C8;9. Conestoga Meat Packers Ltd., Breslau, ON, Canada N0B 1M0 |
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| Abstract: | Rapidly cooling pigs after heat stress (HS) results in a pathophysiological condition, and because rapid temperature fluctuations may be associated with reduced reproductive success in sows, it lends itself to the hypothesis that these conditions may be linked. Objectives were to determine the effects of rapid cooling on thermal response and future reproductive success in pigs. Thirty-six replacement gilts (137.8±0.9 kg BW) were estrus synchronized and then 14.1±0.4 d after estrus confirmation, pigs were exposed to thermoneutral conditions (TN; n=12; 19.7±0.9°C) for 6 h, or HS (36.3±0.5°C) for 3 h, followed by 3 h of rapid cooling (HSRC; n=12; immediate TN exposure and water dousing) or gradual cooling (HSGC; n=12; gradual decrease to TN conditions) repeated over 2 d. Vaginal (TV) and gastrointestinal tract temperatures (TGI) were obtained every 15 min, and blood was collected on d 1 and d 2 during the HS and recovery periods at 180 and 60 min, respectively. Pigs were bred 8.3±0.8 d after thermal treatments over 2 d. Reproductive tracts were collected and total fetus number and viability were recorded 28.0±0.8 d after insemination. HS increased TV and TGI (P=0.01; 0.98 °C) in HSRC and HSGC compared to TN pigs. During recovery, TV was reduced from 15 to 105 min (P=0.01; 0.33 °C) in HSRC compared to HSGC pigs, but no overall differences in TGI were detected (P<0.05; 39.67 °C). Rapid cooling increased (P<0.05) TNFα compared to HSGC and TN pigs during recovery-d 1 (55.2%), HS-d 2 (35.1%), and recovery-d 2 (64.9%). Viable fetuses tended to be reduced (P=0.08; 10.5%) and moribund fetuses tended to be increased (P=0.09; 159.3%) in HSRC compared to HSGC and TN pigs. In summary, rapid cooling prior to breeding may contribute to reduced fetal viability and reproductive success in pigs. |
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| Keywords: | Breeding Fetal viability Pigs Rapid cooling Temperature fluctuations |
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