Effect of Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula) Genotype on Feeding Damage and Reproduction of Aphthona spp.: Implications for Biological Weed Control |
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| Affiliation: | 2. Plant Sciences Department, Department of Entomology, Loftsgard Hall, Box 5051, Fargo, North Dakota, 58105-5051;1. Department of Entomology, Loftsgard Hall, Box 5051, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, 58105-5051;1. Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, N°321 Zhongshan Road, 210008 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China;2. Department of Endocrinology, Kunshan Hospital on Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, 215332 Jiangsu, China;3. Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, N°321 Zhongshan Road, 210008 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China;1. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, 61413, Abha, Saudi Arabia;2. Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, 83523, Qena, Egypt;3. School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9TH, UK;4. Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, 93106, USA;1. Instituto Superior Técnico, Dept. Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;2. LAETA, IDMEC, Instituto Superior Técnico, Dept. Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;3. ADEM, Mechanical Engineering Department, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Rua Conselheiro Emídio Navarro 1, 1959-007 Lisboa, Portugal;4. IN+, Center for Innovation, Technology and Policy Research, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;1. Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, D-06108 Halle (Saale), Germany;2. Independent Institute for Environmental Issues, Greifswalder Straße 4, D-10405 Berlin, Germany;3. Department Nature Conservation, State Administration of Saxony-Anhalt, Dessauer Straße 70, 06118 Halle (Saale), Germany;4. German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;5. State University Altai, Prospekt Lenina 68, 656 049 Barnaul, Russian Federation;6. International Institute Zittau, Technische Universität Dresden, Markt 23, 02763 Zittau, Germany;7. Botany Department, Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, PO Box 300 154, D-02806 Görlitz, Germany |
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| Abstract: | North American leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) is genetically diverse and composed of multiple genotypes introduced from several areas of Europe and Asia. Five species of leafy spurge flea beetle (Aphthona spp.) have been introduced as biological control agents for leafy spurge, but were collected in a relatively small region of Europe. Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to determine if observed variation in feeding preference and reproduction of Aphthona spp. on North American leafy spurge may be due in part to leafy spurge genotype. Leafy spurge genotypes were collected from Austria; Manitoba in Canada; and the states of Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming in the United States. Leafy spurge genotype affected feeding but not egg laying by Aphthona spp. adults. Aphthona czwalinae/lacertosa fed slightly less in a free-choice test on a genotype from Manitoba (7%) compared to genotypes from Nebraska and North Dakota (14%). Aphthona flava tended to feed less on the Nebraska genotype than any other genotype evaluated. Reproduction of Aphthona spp. was greatly affected by leafy spurge genotype. For instance, A. czwalinae/lacertosa produced 72 adults per plant from a Nebraska genotype compared to 11 to 32 adults per plant from all other genotypes evaluated. Thus, some observed variation in establishment and reproduction of Aphthona spp. can be attributed to leafy spurge genotype. |
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