中国互花米草防治措施研究进展及展望

互花米草原产于美国大西洋沿岸,20世纪80年代被引入我国,由于抗逆性和繁殖能力强,在我国沿海地区大肆蔓延,对湿地生态系统生物多样性和社会经济发展产生严重威胁,如何有效防治互花米草已成为学者研究的热点和社会关注的焦点之一。本文在文献分析的基础上,阐明了互花米草在国内的分布现状和入侵态势;总结了物理、化学、生物和综合防治法在互花米草防治中的适用范围及优劣势,指出现有防治技术仍存在防治难度大、成本高、治理后易复发和预警体系不完善等问题,为防控互花米草入侵提供理论支持;并进一步提出了基于遥感的“信息收集+早期预警+分级防控”的防控对策和以防治为主、利用为辅的互花米草“防治+利用”技术体系,为今后互花米草的防治和利用提供了新的研究思路。

Research progress and prospects for the control of Spartina alterniflora in China

Spartina alterniflora is a seashore plant native to the Atlantic coast of the United States. It was introduced into China in the 1980s. Owing to its strong adaptability and reproductive ability, S. alterniflora rapidly spread and invaded many coastal areas, causing a serious threat to the indigenous biodiversity of wetland ecosystems and also to the economic development. Effective control of S. alterniflora has become one of the important issues of research and social concern. In this study, the distribution status and invasion trend of S. alterniflora are summarised through literature analysis, summarising the advantages and disadvantages of physical, chemical, biological, and integrated control methods. Identified problems in the control of S. alterniflora, include difficult prevention, high cost of control, easy recurrence, and imperfect early warning systems. The use of remote sensing-based "information collection + early warning + hierarchical control" and technical measures of "control + utilization" of S. alterniflora provide a promising avenue for improved control of this invasive plant.