Effect of sucrose on polyploidization in early callus cultures of Solanum tuberosum

Leaf segments of a monohaploid, dihaploid and tetraploid genotype of the potato (Solanum tuberosum; x = 12) were cultured on callus-inducing medium with 10, 20, 30 or 40 gl^–1 sucrose. After 5 and 7 days of culture, metaphases contained the somatic or polyploidized number of mono- or diplochromosomes. The percentages of polyploidized metaphases were inversely correlated with the number of chromosome sets of the genotypes. In monohaploid leaf segments the percentages of polyploidized metaphases and of metaphases with diplochromosomes increased when the sucrose concentration was raised from 10 or 20 to 30 gl^–1 and remained constant or decreased from 30 to 40 gl^–1. Higher concentrations of sucrose but not higher osmolalities of the medium due to mannitol induced endoreduplication in more cells. The frequency of polyploidized metaphases and metaphases with diplochromosomes in dihaploid and tetraploid leaf segments remained constant through increases in sucrose concentrations.