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Lutein epoxide cycle, light harvesting and photoprotection in species of the tropical tree genus Inga
Authors:Matsubara Shizue  Krause G Heinrich  Seltmann Martin  Virgo Aurelio  Kursar Thomas A  Jahns Peter  Winter Klaus
Institution:Phytosphere Institute (ICG-3), Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany;;Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;;Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Panama, Republic of Panama;and;Department of Biology, University of Utah, 257 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
Abstract:Dynamics and possible function of the lutein epoxide (Lx) cycle, that is, the reversible conversion of Lx to lutein (L) in the light-harvesting antennae, were investigated in leaves of tropical tree species. Photosynthetic pigments were quantified in nine Inga species and species from three other genera. In Inga , Lx levels were high in shade leaves (mostly above 20 mmol mol?1 chlorophyll) and low in sun leaves. In Virola surinamensis , both sun and shade leaves exhibited very high Lx contents (about 60 mmol mol?1 chlorophyll). In Inga marginata grown under high irradiance, Lx slowly accumulated within several days upon transfer to deep shade. When shade leaves of I. marginata were briefly exposed to the sunlight, both violaxanthin and Lx were quickly de-epoxidized. Subsequently, overnight recovery occurred only for violaxanthin, not for Lx. In such leaves, containing reduced levels of Lx and increased levels of L, chlorophyll fluorescence induction showed significantly slower reduction of the photosystem II electron acceptor, Q A, and faster formation as well as a higher level of non-photochemical quenching. The results indicate that slow Lx accumulation in Inga leaves may improve light harvesting under limiting light, while quick de-epoxidation of Lx to L in response to excess light may enhance photoprotection.
Keywords:carotene  lutein  non-photochemical quenching  photoacclimation  shade leaves  sun leaves  xanthophyll
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